上文《色当之战》咱们说到德意志联军在色当取得巨大胜利， 10万在世界各地获得荣耀的法国官兵，连同他们的皇帝拿破仑三世一起，成为德军的俘虏。
色当胜利的消息传回德意志各邦，德意志人沸腾了，柏林的教堂上挂出标语：感谢…… 每一个德意志邦，都请求威廉一世国王向法国索要战争赔款，并把阿尔萨斯和洛林割让给一个独立统一的德意志帝国。各大报纸除了祝贺德意志军队取得伟大胜利之外，还纷纷撰文指出，收回阿尔萨斯和洛林，是防止未来法国侵略的必要措施，也是胜利者应该获得的战利品。阿尔萨斯和洛林是连接南北德意志的纽带，德意志领土不可分割的一部分。自打1582年起就失去的这两块德意志领土阿尔萨斯和洛林，到了回归祖国怀抱的时候了。每一个不支持“收回”阿尔萨斯和洛林的“德奸”，不但会遭到众人的唾弃，微博封号论坛删帖，还有可能被抓。一直跟俾斯麦唱反调的自由派约翰·雅各比(Johann Jacoby)，这个时候居然还敢站在讲台上反对收回阿尔萨斯和洛林，直接就被爱国群众揪着脖领子给踢下去了。俾斯麦乃德意志民族之伟大英雄，诋毁英雄的民族是木有希望滴。
回到战场上，对于在色当放下武器的法国战俘来说，苦难才刚刚开始。战场已经被双方的炮火蹂躏成一片废墟，10多万法军俘虏一时无处安置，普军只好把这些战俘安置在马斯河三面围绕的一块区域里。10万战俘和1万匹马，暂时留在这16平方公里的地域里，等待着被后送，普鲁士兵在外围看守着。法军俘虏沮丧无力，恶臭从法军的帐篷里发出。俘虏的马匹大量死亡，巴伐利亚人也不费劲埋葬死马，直接扔进马斯河。普鲁士兵日夜不停地清理了六天，才开始让战场变得稍稍可以住人。有些普鲁士兵被派去收拾法军丢弃的大炮和步枪，清理没有爆炸的炮弹。清理出来的步枪堆成了垛，走火的步枪还打死打伤了一些普鲁士兵和法国战俘。普军对俘虏的法国高级将领，倒是蛮优待的。虽然没有放了他们，但是给了很大的自由，结果52个军官趁机开溜，这其中就有杜克罗将军。
9月3日色当惨败，皇帝和麦克马洪元帅率军投降的消息，在法国首都巴黎引发了暴乱。4日凌晨，法国立法机构紧急开会商讨对策。法夫尔建议罢黜拿破仑王朝，成立临时政府，让特罗胥将军担任巴黎市市长。这个提议几乎得到了一致同意，因为保皇的波拿巴分子早已开始逃离巴黎，首都剩下的只有共和派了。
八里桥伯爵把表决的时间推迟到中午，但是协和广场上已经聚集起六万人，他们挥舞着拳头高喊：“打倒波拿巴”！“法国万岁”！守护着国会大厦的卫兵，对这群抗议的人表示了同情，他们把军帽挂在枪口上告诉这些人：俺们就当没看见。于是抗议的人群毫无阻拦地冲进议会。共和派领导人甘必大感到值此危急时刻，稳定应该压倒一切，希望能制止住闯进来的人群。法夫尔也在声嘶力竭地喊：不要暴力！要团结，要团结！现在还不是宣布共和的时候！不过暴徒们开始打砸起来。
甘必大和法夫尔比较清醒地认识到，工业中心城市如巴黎确实反对拿破仑三世的人居多，但是相对保守的农村地区，支持皇帝的还是占多数。非常时期，议会特别委员会需要选出一个基础广泛的临时政府，直到将来有时间再进行全国选举，此刻需要的是保持温和和克制。然而暴徒们一冲进波旁宫，温和和保守便荡然无存，甘必大和法夫尔现在只有一个选择——加入“革命队伍”。
这不是甘必大和法夫尔希望的基础广泛的政府，临时政府只是由共和派的代表组成，代表的只是一小部分共和派，不是一个广泛的“共和”，不过现在也没有办法，只好顺势而为了。在新的政府里，甘必大出任内政部长，法夫尔负责外交事务，欧内斯特·皮卡德(Ernest Picard)掌管财政部，朱尔·西蒙(Jules Simon)成为教育部长，海军元帅地中海舰队司令马丁·福里尚担任海军部长，阿道夫·勒·弗洛(Adolphe Le Flô)是战争部长。66岁的勒·弗洛自打1840年代以后就没有打过仗，1852年曾经因为支持共和，被拿破仑三世流放到泽西岛。现在共和派重新上台掌权，他也有了再次出山的机会。虽说共和派执掌天下，还是做了些妥协，“拿破仑三世的人”特罗胥成为政府首脑，最高军政长官。
工人阶级聚集在政府前面，欢呼“他们的”共和国成立，一群代表去往皇宫面见皇后要求她退位。一开始欧仁妮皇后还想争一争，但是看到皇宫外面聚集的暴徒越来越多，赶紧改变主意表示同意，然后带着珠宝，在梅特涅亲王的帮助下溜出皇宫，东躲西藏，9月5日一早逃出巴黎。
新成立的后拿破仑时代的“国防政府”，很快就分裂成温和派和激进派。温和派主张马上同普鲁士商议和平，而主要由穷人组成的无产阶级激进派，打算把这场战争扩大成为无产阶级的解放战争，跟普鲁士人血战到底，直到把他们全部赶出法国。无产阶级还认为，第二帝国的崩溃，是无产阶级实现社会主义公有制理想的大好机会。要马上发动起义，扫除温和派，摒弃多党制的民主以及资本主义，打土豪分田地，建立起公有制和新的社会秩序。法夫尔竭力在中间和稀泥，特罗胥和甘必大虽然一个是“皇帝的人”，一个是反对皇帝主张共和的人，却发现这个时候他们需要彼此合作，联手来对付这些赤色分子了。
回到前线，色当之战的胜利，自然让普军将士一片欢腾。不过普鲁士国王威廉一世，给陶醉在胜利喜悦中的将士们泼了一瓢冷水：“前面还有很多战斗在等着我们”。国王为什么这么说呢？的确普鲁士取得重大胜利，俘虏了法国皇帝拿破仑三世，却让局面复杂了。一时一个难题摆在普鲁士人面前，下一步跟谁来谈判和平协议？现在谁能代表法国？
是啊，法国战败，连拿破仑三世都成了俘虏，原以为只要法国皇帝下个命令停火，然后就可以着手谈判和平条件了。结果巴黎一场革命，法兰西第二帝国被推翻，巴黎成立了新的共和的“国防政府”，皇帝不作数了。
新的共和政府呢？这个共和政府只是以资产阶级共和派为主成立的政府，在巴黎都还朝不保夕，更何况广大的农村，支持第二帝国的仍然大有人在。所以到底谁才能始终代表法国先进社会生产力的发展要求，始终代表法国先进文化的前进方向，始终代表法国最广大人民的根本利益，对法国人来说是个悬而未决的问题，对普鲁士人也是这样。
当普鲁士人开始跟法国方面接触，尝试谈判和平条件的时候，法国各个党派都表示，普鲁士必须尊重法国的领土完整，才可以进行停火谈判。换句话说就是，想要法国割让领土的话，免谈！
法夫尔就是带着这样的想法，去跟俾斯麦接触的。法夫尔以为一贯秉持现实外交的俾斯麦，不会希望节外生枝。如果普鲁士强要法国领土，就不会获得持久的和平。所以一笔赔款，加上一部分法国舰队，再有些殖民地，应该可以让俾斯麦满意，不需要割让领土。哪知道这个想法一提，就被俾斯麦断然拒绝。对这个打十七世纪以来，就不断欺压德意志人民，给德意志民族带来沉重灾难的国家法国，俾斯麦压根就没有打算采取宽容的态度。俾斯麦跟法夫尔直截了当：法国需要为黎塞留(Richelieu)、路易十四(Louis XIV)、拿破仑·波拿巴还债，要为他们的野心和掠夺付出代价。
法夫尔还想继续争取，俾斯麦敲打他说，如果你不接受，我就把你们的皇帝和巴赞放出来，让他们取代你们这个临时政府，我跟他们谈。俾斯麦可不是说着玩的，拿破仑三世现在的身份已经不再是战俘，被送到卡塞尔(Kassel)的威廉高地宫(Schloss Wilhelmshöhe)后，拿破仑三世就成为“外国君主”。身边的也不是普鲁士看守，而是从色当的战俘中挑选出来的法国警卫。俾斯麦说，皇帝才是法国“合法”统治者，你们那个“共和政府”只是一个党派团体而已，不能代表法国先进社会生产力的发展要求，不能代表……。再说了，海军会听你们的吗？巴赞元帅会听你们的吗？梅斯的法军会听你们的吗？还有现在被虏的14万战俘，马上就能组织起来，让拿破仑三世带着杀回巴黎夺回政权。
情况是这么个情况，但是共和政府现在敢签丧权辱国的卖国条约吗？咱是“国防政府”哦！谈判不成，只好继续在战场上见高下。当然高下已见，法国人这不是还不死心吗？
9月15日，普鲁士参谋长毛奇指挥部队进军巴黎。为了避免国防政府被普鲁士人一网打尽，早两天的9月13日，共和政府的一部分就迁到了图尔(Tours)，以便在巴黎被包围后，能够继续领导全国进行抗战。几天后普鲁士第三军团和马斯军团，把巴黎给包围起来。
巴黎这个大都市让普鲁士的乡巴佬们大开眼界，法国的首都有着完善的防御体系，100公里长的堡垒防线环绕其外，1,300门大炮布置在堡垒之中，每一门炮都备有458发炮弹。守在这条防线上的法军有40万之众，只是人员素质较差，只有五分之一是正规军和预备役，其余的都是临时征召来的“国民自卫军”这样的民兵。
军旅出身的国防政府首脑特罗胥当然明白，自己手上人数虽多，但是战斗力远远不能同德意志的胜利之师相比，尽管包围巴黎的两个军团的普军只有24万人，还面临着补给线拉长，以及被游击队袭扰的烦恼。特罗胥认为，坚壁清野死守巴黎，把战事拖下去是唯一出路。于是他下令破坏巴黎周边几十公里内的所有公路、运河、桥梁以及铁路，烧毁农场、村舍，拉走所有的粮食，牵走所有的牲畜，不让德意志人找到吃的东西，也不让他们找到舒适的住的地方，同时加紧训练部队防御巴黎。
不过，从法国人这张油画里，可以看到德意志人还是有很多法国瑰宝可以居住的。也是，法国人总不能把凡尔赛宫也烧了吧？
这个时候，法国人还不至绝望，梅斯军团还在，仍然牵制着大批精锐普军。那现在梅斯是个什么情形呢？请看下篇《梅斯之围》。
其它请见：
普法战争 01 – 最弱的大国普鲁士 普法战争 02 – 拿破仑三世和俾斯麦
普法战争 05 – 埃姆斯电文 普法战争 06 – 总参谋部
普法战争 07 – 枪尖还是炮利？ 普法战争 08 – 莱茵军团
普法战争 11 – 沃尔特 普法战争 12 – 弗罗埃斯克维莱
普法战争 15 – 马尔拉图 普法战争 16 – 格拉韦洛特
十九世纪的外交是遵循实力的讨价还价，协议基本能执行下去，二十世纪中后期以来的西方外交感觉完全是儿戏，即使达成协议很多都成了摆设。请教草根兄有什么看法？
没有吧？你说哪个协议成了摆设？
远的不说元首和斯大林协议撕毁，近的就有乌克兰弃核协定，承诺给乌克兰保护，老毛子打来都不做声了
元首和斯大林俩人都是独裁者，他们说撕毁就撕毁了。乌克兰这个比较复杂，毛子并没有亲自上阵，而是支持民间武装捣乱。当然大家都知道是毛子在后面捣鬼，但是并没有明着来，所以也没办法，最多是给乌克兰提供军援什么的。
I need to to thank you for this very good read!! I definitely enjoyed every little bit of it.
I’ve got you book-marked to check out new stuff you post…
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this article!
It is the little changes that make the biggest changes.
Thanks for sharing!
Incredible! This blog looks just like my old one! It’s on a entirely different subject
but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Excellent choice of colors!
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this
matter to be actually something that I think I would never
understand. It seems too complex and very broad for me.
I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!
What’s up friends, pleasant post and nice arguments commented here, I am
truly enjoying by these.
If some one needs to be updated with newest technologies then he must be
visit this web site and be up to date everyday.
Hi there everyone, it’s my first go to see at this web page, and post is really fruitful in support of me, keep up posting these posts.
I’m impressed, I must say. Rarely do I encounter a blog
that’s equally educative and entertaining, and let me tell you,
you’ve hit the nail on the head. The problem is an issue that too few
folks are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy I came
across this in my search for something regarding this.
When some one searches for his necessary thing, therefore he/she
wants to be available that in detail, thus that thing is maintained
over here.
Hey, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues.
When I look at your blog in Opera, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has
some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up!
Other then that, excellent blog!
I’ve been browsing online greater than 3 hours lately,
but I never found any fascinating article like yours.
It’s pretty worth sufficient for me. In my opinion, if all web
owners and bloggers made excellent content material
as you probably did, the web shall be much more helpful than ever before.
What’s up to every body, it’s my first pay a
visit of this web site; this blog carries awesome and truly excellent stuff designed
for visitors.
Hey There. I discovered your blog using msn. This is a really
neatly written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it
and return to learn more of your useful info. Thanks for the post.
I will definitely return.
I have read a few excellent stuff here. Definitely price bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how so much attempt you put to create one of these wonderful informative site.
Having read this I thought it was extremely enlightening.
I appreciate you taking the time and energy to put this informative article together.
I once again find myself personally spending
a significant amount of time both reading and posting comments.
But so what, it was still worth it!
bookmarked!!, I love your web site!
My brother suggested I might like this blog.
He was totally right. This post actually made my day.
You cann’t imagine just how much time I had spent for this info!
Thanks!
An interesting discussion is definitely worth comment.
I think that you need to publish more on this topic, it
might not be a taboo matter but usually people do not
speak about these issues. To the next! Cheers!!
Hi Dear, are you actually visiting this web page daily, if so afterward
you will absolutely take pleasant experience.
Quality content is the secret to interest the viewers to pay a
quick visit the web site, that’s what this web site is providing.
I am sure this paragraph has touched all the internet viewers, its really really good piece of writing on building up new website.
Hi! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout
out and say I really enjoy reading through your articles.
Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with
the same subjects? Appreciate it!
Hey there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website
with us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers!
Great blog and wonderful design and style.
Everything is very open with a precise explanation of the issues.
It was really informative. Your site is useful. Many thanks for sharing!
Excellent way of describing, and pleasant piece of writing to take data on the topic of my presentation subject, which i am going to convey in institution of higher education.
Appreciate this post. Let me try it out.
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great.
I do not know who you are but definitely you are going to
a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Hi there, just wanted to mention, I loved this blog post. It was helpful. Keep on posting!
I love what you guys are up too. This sort of clever work
and coverage! Keep up the good works guys I’ve
incorporated you guys to my blogroll.
Hello colleagues, pleasant paragraph and fastidious urging commented
here, I am in fact enjoying by these.
Hello! This post could not be written any better! Reading this post reminds me
of my good old room mate! He always kept talking about this.
I will forward this page to him. Fairly certain he
will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something that I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!
Hi! I know this is kinda off topic however I’d figured I’d ask.
Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest writing a blog
article or vice-versa? My blog covers a lot of the same topics as yours and
I think we could greatly benefit from each other. If you happen to be interested
feel free to send me an e-mail. I look forward
to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!
Wonderful, what a website it is! This webpage provides
useful data to us, keep it up.
Hello there I am so grateful I found your weblog,
I really found you by error, while I was browsing on Digg for something else, Anyways I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a incredible post and a all round
interesting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t
have time to go through it all at the moment but I have saved it and also added
your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be
back to read a great deal more, Please do keep up the excellent job.
The other day, while I was at work, my sister stole my iphone and tested
to see if it can survive a forty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation.
My apple ipad is now destroyed and she has 83 views.
I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it
with someone!
I’ve been browsing online more than 4 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It is pretty worth enough for me. Personally, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will be a lot more useful than ever before.
Everything is very open with a precise explanation of the challenges.
It was definitely informative. Your site is useful. Thank you
for sharing!
Hello i am kavin, its my first time to commenting anywhere, when i read this paragraph i thought i could also make comment due to this good article.
Hi, i think that i saw you visited my website thus i came to “return the favor”.I am trying to find things to improve my web site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!
Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this site before but after browsing through some of the post
I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely glad I found
it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back often!
This site certainly has all of the information I needed about this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
It’s awesome to go to see this site and reading the
views of all friends regarding this post, while I am also eager of getting familiarity.
Hi, I do believe this is an excellent web site.
I stumbledupon it 😉 I am going to return once again since
i have book marked it. Money and freedom is the best
way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.
Exceptional post however I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this subject? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit further. Thank you!
Thanks , I’ve recently been looking for info
about this subject for ages and yours is the greatest I’ve discovered so far.
But, what concerning the bottom line? Are you certain about the source?
I’m not sure where you’re getting your information, but great topic.
I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding
more. Thanks for excellent info I was looking for this information for my mission.
Do you have a spam problem on this site; I also am a blogger, and I was wondering your situation; many
of us have developed some nice procedures and we are looking to swap techniques with others, please shoot me an e-mail if interested.
There is certainly a lot to know about this issue.
I like all the points you have made.
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the images on this blog loading?
I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog.
Any responses would be greatly appreciated.
It’s remarkable to visit this website and reading the views of all mates on the topic of this article,
while I am also keen of getting familiarity.
I absolutely love your blog and find almost
all of your post’s to be exactly I’m looking for.
Would you offer guest writers to write content for yourself?
I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects
you write concerning here. Again, awesome web site!
Hmm it seems like your site ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly
enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog writer but I’m
still new to the whole thing. Do you have any tips and hints for inexperienced blog writers?
I’d genuinely appreciate it.
After looking into a few of the blog posts on your website, I truly
like your way of blogging. I saved it to my bookmark webpage list and will
be checking back soon. Please check out my web site
as well and tell me how you feel.
Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a blog website? The account helped me a acceptable deal. I had been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast offered bright clear idea
Hi to all, how is everything, I think every
one is getting more from this web site, and your views are fastidious
in support of new users.
Great information. Lucky me I discovered your blog by accident (stumbleupon).
I have saved it for later!
I really like what you guys are up too. Such clever work and coverage!
Keep up the very good works guys I’ve incorporated you guys
to our blogroll.
Hi there everyone, it’s my first pay a visit at this site,
and article is actually fruitful in support of me, keep up posting such articles.
Excellent article! We will be linking to this great article on our website.
Keep up the great writing.
Good day! This is kind of off topic but I need some help
from an established blog. Is it very hard to set up your own blog?
I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty fast.
I’m thinking about making my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do you have any tips or suggestions?
With thanks
It’s remarkable for me to have a site, which is useful for my know-how. thanks admin
We are a group of volunteers and opening a brand new scheme in our community.
Your website provided us with useful info to work on. You’ve performed an impressive task and our whole neighborhood can be thankful to you.
I am actually thankful to the owner of this site who has shared this
great paragraph at at this place.
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the images
on this blog loading? I’m trying to find out if its
a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
This is a really good tip particularly to those fresh to the blogosphere.
Short but very accurate information… Thanks for sharing this one.
A must read post!