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\"Alexandre_Cabanel_002_\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u5c0f\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u4e8e\u662f\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u540c\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279-\u8428\u4e01\u5c3c\u4e9a(Piedmont-Sardinia)\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u30021859\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279\u8054\u76df\u6253\u8d25\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7701\u4efd\u4f26\u5df4\u7b2c(Lombardy)\u548c\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af(Venetia)\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u5272\u8ba9\u7ed9\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279\uff0c\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279\u5982\u7ea6\u5c06\u8428\u4f0f\u4f0a(Savoy)\u548c\u5c3c\u65af(Nice)\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u652f\u6301\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279\u6253\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u662f\u60f3\u6253\u51fb\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8001\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u987a\u4fbf\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u518d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e9b\u9886\u571f\u5b9e\u60e0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u65e6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u7531\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ed6\u4e86\u30021860\u5e74\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279\u8fc5\u901f\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u2022\u57c3\u66fc\u7ebd\u57c3\u5c14\u4e8c\u4e16(Vittorio Emanuele II)\u767b\u57fa\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u56fd\u738b\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u65c1\u8fb9\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\uff01\u8fd9\u8ba9\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6295\u5165\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4ece\u5965\u5730\u5229\u624b\u91cc\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u653e\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u60a8\u8fd8\u80fd\u518d\u8ba9\u6cd5\u56fd\u51fa\u5175\uff0c\u53bb\u963b\u6b62\u76ae\u57c3\u8499\u7279\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u53ea\u597d\u8ddf\u7740\u5e86\u795d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u7684\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8981\u8bf4\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u597d\u6b79\u4e5f\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5408\u62cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u662f\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u201c\u7687\u5e1d\u201d\uff0c\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388\u201d\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8981\u987e\u53ca\u5230\u6c11\u610f\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u4e8e\u5de6\u53f3\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u987a\u4ece\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6709\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u53d6\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

1815\u5e74\u611a\u4eba\u8282\u90a3\u5929\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u666e\u901a\u8d35\u65cf\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5965\u6258\u2022\u51af\u2022\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6(Otto von Bismarck)\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u5219\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u8d70\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8def\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u6765\u30021850\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u66fe\u5c31\u8ddf\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u6709\u8fc7\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4eba\u6068\u6b7b\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u628a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4eba\u63cd\u4e86\u4e2a\u81ed\u6b7b\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u4ece\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u8eab\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u590d\u4ec7\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u662f\u4e2a\u5fd7\u5927\u624d\u758f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u4ed6\u90a3\u96c4\u624d\u4f1f\u7565\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u654f\u9510\u5730\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5f97\u7f6a\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u201c\u5404\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u76d1\u72f1\u201d\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3002\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u52a0\u5bcc\u5c14\u4f2f\u7235\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6765\u4e3a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u8c0b\u5f97\u5b9e\u60e0\u3002<\/p>\n

1860\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u624b\u8fd8\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u6b64\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u591f\u5206\u91cf\u3002\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u540c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u6709\u4e2a\u4e89\u593a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8981\u6c42\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u63a5\u53d7\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u671d\u5728\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5219\u8981\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u540c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8054\u90a6\u30021862\u5e74\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u4efb\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u9a7b\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u996d\u684c\u4e0a\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u5bf9\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u6700\u597d\u91c7\u53d6\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u4e9b\u50cf1858\u5e74\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u5f00\u7ed9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u56de\u62a5\u6cd5\u56fd\u4ee5\u5b9e\u60e0\uff0c\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u505a\u4e9b\u201c\u8c03\u6574\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5de7\u5999\u5468\u65cb\u4e3a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4e89\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\"bismarck\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u505a\u4e86\u9a7b\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u6ca1\u591a\u4e45\uff0c1862\u5e749\u6708\u4efd\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5c31\u88ab\u56fd\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e00\u4e16\u53ec\u56de\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u5bb0\u76f8\u30021848\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u540e\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u738b\u56fd\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u603b\u662f\u5426\u51b3\u56fd\u738b\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u6269\u5145\u519b\u961f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u57289\u670826\u65e5\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u90a3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u94c1\u8840\u6f14\u8bf4\u201d\u529b\u633a\u56fd\u738b\uff1a\u201c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5728\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u5c31\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u2026\u2026\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7528\u94c1\u548c\u8840\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff01\u201d\u4ece\u6b64\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u88ab\u51a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u94c1\u8840\u5bb0\u76f8\u201d\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6068\u6b7b\u4e86\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\uff0c\u6068\u4e0d\u5f97\u8981\u780d\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u65e2\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u613f\u671b\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u780d\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u8111\u888b\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u60f3\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8ba9\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\u5427\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u8981\u7528\u201c\u94c1\u548c\u8840\u201d\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5bb9\u514b\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6743\u548c\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u8ba9\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u5927\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u5927\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

1864\u5e74\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u90a6\u8054\u540c\u4e39\u9ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u77f3\u52d2\u82cf\u76ca\u683c-\u8377\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u56e0(Schleswig-Holstein)\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u77f3\u52d2\u82cf\u76ca\u683c\u548c\u8377\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u516c\u56fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e39\u9ea6\u548c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8bf8\u90a6\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e39\u9ea6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u77f3\u52d2\u82cf\u76ca\u683c\u3002\u800c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u652f\u6301\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u90a6\u8054\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u6b63\u597d\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e00\u4e0b\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u521b\u9020\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u529b\u4e3b\u4e3a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u5934\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u8001\u5927\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3002\u62c9\u4e0a\u5965\u5730\u5229\u505a\u76df\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7275\u5236\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002 \u6b64\u65f6\u4fc4\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u82f1\u56fd\u5149\u8363\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u5c0f\u529b\u5f31\u7684\u4e39\u9ea6\u600e\u662f\u4e24\u5927\u5f3a\u56fd\u8054\u624b\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff1f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u77f3\u52d2\u82cf\u76ca\u683c\uff0c\u8377\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u56e0\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e86\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u540c\u4e39\u9ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u969c\u788d\u5c31\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u94c1\u548c\u8840\u3002\u5728\u7b56\u5212\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c1865\u5e7410\u6708\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5bc6\u4f1a\u4e86\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u90a6\u56fd\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8fdb\u53d6\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u6253\u7834\u540c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5728\u4e39\u9ea6\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7f14\u7ed3\u7684\u534f\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u80fd\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u90a3\u91cc\u62ff\u5230\u50cf\u5bf9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u52a0\u5bcc\u5c14\u4f2f\u7235\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u786e\u4fe1\u6cd5\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u5728\u672a\u6765\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ad9\u5230\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u540c\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5272\u8ba9\u4e9b\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u6765\u56de\u62a5\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u6148\u201d\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3001\u8428\u5c14(Saar)\u8fd8\u6709\u5df4\u5217\u4e01\u5948\u7279(Palatinate)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u72e1\u733e\u7684\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5411\u6765\u662f\u5ffd\u60a0\u522b\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u5ffd\u60a0\uff1f\u8c08\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u652f\u543e\u543e\u4e86\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u5012\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6025\uff0c\u7b49\u4f60\u4eec\u4e24\u8d25\u4ff1\u4f24\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u8be5\u6765\u6c42\u6211\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a2\u660e\u4e86\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u624b\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e86\u30021866\u5e74\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8981\u6c42\u5965\u5730\u5229\u540c\u610f\u6539\u9020\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u90a6\u8054\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5bf9\u5317\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5404\u4e2a\u90a6\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u3002\u5965\u5730\u5229\u62d2\u7edd\u540e\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5a01\u80c1\u8bf4\u90a3\u6211\u5c31\u5e9f\u4e86\u90a6\u8054\u4e2d\u5404\u4f4d\u738b\u516c\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\uff0c\u7528\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u6765\u9876\u66ff\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5c31\u201c\u5927\u540c\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5584\u4e8e\u5ffd\u60a0\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u60f3\u7684\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u970d\u4ea8\u7d22\u4f26\u738b\u671d\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e00\u4e16\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c11\u65cf\u554a\u6c11\u9009\u554a\u6c11\u4e3b\u554a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u6b6a\u98ce\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u662f\u8981\u575a\u51b3\u62b5\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u77e5\u9053\u5965\u5730\u5229\u66f4\u6015\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u90fd\u9760\u7740\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u671d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bb6\u5b50\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5417\uff1f\u8981\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u8fd9\u73a9\u610f\u513f\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4f20\u5230\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u671d\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u628a\u5965\u5730\u5229\u641e\u6563\u4e86\u67b6\u5b50\uff1f\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5230\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u8fd9\u9762\u5927\u65d7\u8d8a\u4e3e\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6fc0\u6012\u5965\u5730\u5229\u53d6\u60a6\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5411\u5965\u5730\u5229\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8fc7\u5206\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u5965\u5730\u5229\u628a\u4ece\u4e39\u9ea6\u90a3\u91cc\u593a\u5f97\u7684\u8377\u5c14\u65af\u5766\u56e0\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6216\u8005\u5356\u7ed9\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u201c\u6b3a\u4eba\u592a\u751a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u628a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u5bb9\u514b\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u5413\u5f97\u4e0d\u8f7b\uff0c\u800c\u8ddf\u6614\u65e5\u76df\u53cb\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u77e5\u9053\u9664\u4e86\u5a01\u5ec9\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u8d4c\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u6253\u8d25\u5965\u5730\u5229\u53d6\u5f97\u5317\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u628a\u4e1c\u897f\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5e73\u606f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u6012\u706b\u3002\u800c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u9636\u5c42\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6218\u5bf9\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

1866\u5e743\u6708\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u540c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u79d8\u5bc6\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c6\u6708\u4efd\u6311\u8d77\u4e86\u540c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u8fd9\u573a\u666e\u5965\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u8bf7\u770b\u4e0b\u7bc7\u300a\u666e\u5965\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b83\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89 01 \u2013 \u6700\u5f31\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u666e\u9c81\u58eb \u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89 02 \u2013 \u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u548c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89 03 \u2013 \u666e\u5965\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89 04 \u2013 \u5fc5\u6709\u4e00\u6218<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89 05 \u2013 \u57c3\u59c6\u65af\u7535\u6587<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89 06 \u2013 \u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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